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Modern Catacombs in Palermo

Tourism

Located on the outer edge of Palermo, beneath a monastery, lie nearly eight thousand bodies (1) spanning over 4,300 square feet (3); all of which were embalmed both naturally and chemically. These remains make for a fascinating and intriguing tourist attraction. Palermo catacombs are open to the public and are well known around the world. The Capuchin catacombs show up on numerous travel websites, or websites that consist of the top scariest places to visit in the world. The catacomb is well known across the world for both it's amazingly preserved bodies, large amounts of preserved mummies, and educational purposes for tourists. The catacombs are open during the day to both locals and tourists from around the world (4). There is a small entrance fee which is part of the monks income, who run a non profit tourist destination (4). The monks maintain the monastery and the crypt so as to keep the catacombs open and available to the public. The catacomb receives thousands of visitors a year (6). The entrance to the catacomb is located at Piazza Cappuccini (2). There is only one entrance the public can access the catacombs through, but there may be entrances only known to monks as well.

Cappuccino 

The Cappuchin monks are also famous today because of what their name is associated with. The name ‘Cappuchin’ originated from the hoods the monks wear (1). Hood, in this case, refers to their hair style; the tops of their heads were bald and around the sides was their white hair. Today, we see the word ‘cappuccino’ which comes from the Cappuchin monks. This word refers to the popular coffee drink ‘Cappucpuccino’, in which the foamed milk at the top resembles the hood or hairstyle of the Cappucchin monks (1,2)

The popular drink 'Cappucchino' named after the Cappuchin monks hood/hair style.

http://forum.ladypopular.com/viewtopic.php?f=22&t=50209&start=10

Vandalism

Vandalism occured several times throughout the history of the Palermo catacombs. The mummies are now protected by a 6ft tall, metal-wire "fence" to prevent these tragic events happening again. In some areas there are closed glass caskets protecting the embalmed children within (7).

Pop Culture

The Palermo catacombs receives a lot of attention in social media. There are documentaries, home-made films of people’s travels through the catacomb, websites and blogs all about the Palermo catacomb. The underground crypt is also associated with the yearly event ‘Halloween’. It is written about in a way that conveys it as having scary connotations; haunting for those who go there, and  considered to be like halloween all year round (3).

 

 The man, Antonio Prestigiacomo, seen in the picture to the right is suggested to have been a lady killer and had requested to be embalmed and put in the catacomb so he could continue to watch over women (7).

 Link to National Geographic video about Antonio Prestigiacomo, and the embalming of Rosalia Lombardo. 

Documentary series by Scariest Places on Earth which takes the viewer through Palermo catacomb. 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pj8ZWFU3uOI

MRI scan done by National Geographic of Rosalia Lombardo. 

http://hubpages.com/hub/RosaliaLombardo#

 

Right: Image inside Palermo catacomb in which shows individuals are now behind a metal-fence due to vandalism.

http://nixpixmix.blogspot.ca/2012/02/catacombe-dei-cappuccini-palermo-sicily.html

Science

In 2000, the History Channel created a short document on the x-rays done on Rosalia Lombardo (5). The reason behind the x-rays is to determine whether or not the perfect-looking preserved two year old was real or a wax figure. The x-ray 's revealed that not only is Rosalia real, her organs are preserved as well (5). In 2009, National Geographic produced a documentary that was about MRI scans on Rosalia (5). The images produced 3D images which show Rosalia at all angles, which also show her bones and internal organs (5). Many scientists are focusing their studied on finding out the embalming techniques used on the deceased (4). This empirical work is characteristic of the recent movements in archaeology; this scientific approach validates many people's studies.

The use of X-rays, MRI scans and CT scans, scientists are able to determine cause of death, the age of an individual and any diseases that affected their bones while they were still alive (8). Since many of the bodies do not have plaques disclaiming who they were and what they did as a living, accessing the deceased via advanced technologies, helps to provide education and study material on how people of this time lived.

Sicilian Mummy Project

The Sicily Mummy Project is in place to help restore the mummies of the Palermo catacomb (9). Restoration is an on-going process that requires a lot of work, and funding. The quality of air is not appropriate for the continuation of preservation of the mummies (8). It ranges in different temperatures, which negatively affects the mummies. The walls of the catacomb are also tinted a rose colour. Again, this is related to the lack of circulation of air (8). The monks use the money earned from tourists and donations to put towards the restoration of the catacomb. There is only so much the monks are able to do, and the Sicily mummy project opens doors and options to help in the restoration of the catacomb. The restoration of the catacombs will help preserve the mummies. The preservation of the mummies will continue the legacy of the Capuchini, and continue to provide educational value to locals and tourists.

Sources:

(1)Palermo for 91 days. “The Bone-Chilling Catacombs of the Capuchin Monks.” Accessed March 25, 2014. http://palermo.for91days.com/2011/11/06/the-bone-chilling-catacombs-of-the-capuchin-monks/

(2)Demetri, Justin. Life in Italy. "The Capuchin Crypt of Palermo." http://www.lifeinitaly.com/tourism/sicily/catacomb.asp

(3)“Three Spooky spots that can’t help their fright factors.” Last modified October, 05, 2009. http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/2009-10-05-spooky-places-naturally-scary_N.htm

(4)Wiesner, Janika et al. “In the Catacombs of the Capuchin Monastery in Palermo.” Last modified May, 02, 2013. http://www.leica-microsystems.com/science-lab/forensics/in-the-catacombs-of-the-capuchin-monastery-in-palermo/

(5)HubPages. “Rosalia Lombardo: The Child Mummy.” Last modified February, 14, 2014. http://hubpages.com/hub/RosaliaLombardo

(6)Kilpatrik, Nancy, Leblanc, Hughes. Italy-The Dark Side. "The Capuchin Cemetery and Catacombs of Palermo". http://www3.sympatico.ca/tapholov/pages/palermo_text.html

(7)National Geographics. "The Girl in the Glass Casket: Sicilian Mummies." http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/channel/videos/sicilian-mummies/

(8)Panzer, Stephanie. "Herniation pits in human mummies: a CT investigation in the Capuchin Catacombs of Palermo, Sicily." PloS one(2012)  DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036537

(9)Eurac Research. "Bioanthropological and paleopathological study of the Sicily mummies (1500-1900 AD)." http://www.eurac.edu/en/research/projects/ProjectDetails.html?pmode=1&textId=111&pid=4377

Header picture:

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/picturegalleries/8296522/Ghoulish-mummies-in-the-Capuchin-Catacombs-in-Palermo-Sicily.html?image=2

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